1054-- The East-West Schism between the Eastern orthodox churches and the Roman Catholic Church comes to a climax as Pope Leo IX and the patriarch of Constantinople excommunicate each other.
1073-1085-- Gregory VII, one of the most influential popes, transforms the papacy and changes the way the church interacts with Europe's kings and queens. He forbade simony, the buying and selling of church offices and spiritual vlessings., though the practice continued to cause problems for centuries.
He claimed supremacy over all Christendom, forbade the common practice of royalty appointing bishops and ordered all clergy to pledge allegiance to the pope.
King Henry IV of the Holy Roman Empire answered by deposing Gregory, who then excommunicated Henry.
1095--Pope Urban II launched the First crusade to retake the Holy Land from the Muslims. He died two weeks after the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, but the news didn't reach him in time.
And, So It Goes.
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