A Native American Timeline-- Part 8: Indian Citizenship Act, the Code Talkers, Indian Civil Rights Act

**  JUNE 2, 1924:  U.S. Congress passes Indian Citizenship Act, granting citizenship  to all Native Americans born in the territorial limits of the country.  Previously, citizenship had been limited depending upon what percentage of Indian ancestry the person had, whether they had served in the military, or, of they were women, were married to a U.S, citizen.

**  MARCH 4, 1929:  Charles Curtis serves as the first Native American U.S. vice president under  President Herbert Hoover.

**  MAY 1942:  Members of the Navajo Nation develop a code to transmit messages and radio messages to U.S.  armed forces during World War II.  Eventually, hundreds of  Code Talkers from multiple  Indian tribes serve with the U.S. Marines during he war.

**  APRIL 11, 1968:  The Indian Civil Rights Act is signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson, granting Indians many of the benefits guaranteed under the Bill of Rights.

**  MARCH 15, 2021:  Representative  Deb Haaland of New Mexico is confirmed as the Secretary of the Interior, making her the first Native American to lead a cabinet department.

"Growing up in my mother's Pueblo household made me fierce," she tweeted on her confirmation for the post.  "I'll be fierce for all of us, our planet, and all our protected land."

--Cooter

The Sgt. Floyd Monument-- Part 5: His After Death Saga

From Wikipedia.

On 1857,  erosion had caused most of Charles Floyd's  grave, even the original cedar post left as his marker, to  slide into the river and wash away. Concerned citizens recovered most of his skeleton, including his skull, and buried it 200 meters east of its original spot.  A forensic  reconstruction of Sgt. Floyd's probable facial appearance  based on a plaster cast of his skull is on display at the Sergeant Floyd Riverboat Museum in  Sioux City, Iowa.

After Floyd's expedition journal was published in 1894, new interest was taken in him and  his remains were reburied again on August 25, 1895, the anniversary of his death.    Sioux City residents Thomas J.  Stone,  John H. Charles, George G. Perkins,  C.R. Marks and G.W.  Wakefield established the  Floyd Association to erect a monument.

It took five years to raise $20,000 and development began in 1900 with the pouring of a concrete base.

Floyd's remains were reinterred a final time on August 20,  1900, the anniversary of his death.  The obelisk of white sandstone, standing  100 feet high was completed on May 30, 1901.  In 1960, the monument was recognized by the  U.S. Department of the Interior as the first National Historic Landmark on June  30, 1960.